A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding the Benefits and Effects of Golden Teacher Magic Mushroom Strain

Finding the appropriate strain, just like cannabis, holds utmost significance when venturing into the realm of magic mushrooms. Among the vast array of options, one strain stands out as a shining beacon for beginners: Golden Teacher mushrooms. These mushrooms have been around for years, and have an interesting history. Renowned for its unique characteristics and gentle yet profound effects, Golden Teacher, belonging to the genus Psilocybe fungus family, has earned a well-deserved reputation as the best strain for those new to the psychedelic realm.

Golden Teacher magic mushroom, from the Psilocybe cubensis species, is beginner-friendly in terms of its effects and has simpler and more resilient growing conditions. If you embark on the journey of growing Golden Teachers or simply wish to deepen your understanding, these mushrooms are one of the best psilocybin strains for beginners.

In this 2023 guide, we will explore the world of consuming Golden Teacher mushrooms, exploring their unique qualities and the profound experiences they can unlock for beginners. By the end, you will understand why you must buy Golden Teachers and why they are the best strain for those venturing into magic mushrooms for first-timers.

Table of Contents

A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding the Benefits and Effects of Golden Teacher Magic Mushroom Strain

What is Golden Teacher Magic Mushroom?

Golden Teacher mushroom is a popular strain of psilocybin mushrooms. They are named “Golden Teachers” due to their distinct appearance, characterized by golden caps.

Cap. The Cap of Golden Teacher mushrooms typically exhibits a convex or bell-shaped form, reaching a diameter of approximately 1-5 cm upon full growth. These larger caps are often utilized for creating gill prints. The color of the cap may range from light tan to golden brown, and it may possess a slightly wrinkled texture. Some specimens may exhibit blue bruising, a result of the presence of psilocybin.

Stem. The Stem of Golden Teacher mushrooms typically measures around 5-15 cm in length and 0.2-1.5 cm in thickness. It commonly displays a white or pale yellow coloration and may be covered in fine fibers or scales.

Gills. The Gills can be found on the underside of the cap, radiating outward from the stem. These gills are typically dark purple-brown in color and may be interspersed with lighter-colored veins.

Spores of mature GT are released and are characterized by their dark purple-brown hue.

While these possess certain distinctive characteristics, it is important to exercise caution as they can be mistakenly identified with other mushroom species, some of which may be toxic. If you are still interested, it is advisable to purchase mushrooms from a reputable vendor that specializes in cultivating and selling Golden Teachers, as this ensures a safer and more reliable choice.

Golden Teacher mushrooms exist in regions like Central and South America. They have gained popularity among recreational users and those interested in exploring the potential healing benefits of psychedelics.

The active compounds responsible for the psychedelic benefits of Golden Teacher are psilocybin and psilocin. They interact with receptors to alter perception, cognition, and mood. Most users often describe their experiences as profound, introspective, and spiritually enlightening.

Origins and Discovery

The Golden Teacher, scientifically known as Psilocybe cubensis, has a rich history deeply rooted in wisdom and spirituality. Let’s explore its origins:

Indigenous Use

The origins of the Golden Teacher magic mushrooms can be traced back to the indigenous cultures of Central and South America. These ancient traditions revered the mushroom as a powerful tool for spiritual growth and exploration. Shamans and spiritual leaders regarded it as a conduit to the spiritual realms and a guide through the mysteries of existence. The Golden Teacher magic mushrooms were incorporated into their rituals and ceremonies, where seekers sought profound insights and a deeper connection with the divine.

Western Discovery

During the mid-20th century, the Golden Teacher gained prominence in the Western world, thanks to pioneering figures like Timothy Leary. Influential figures of the psychedelic movement advocated for exploring altered states of consciousness facilitated by substances like the Golden Teacher. This period marked a significant cultural shift, with the mushroom becoming a symbol of enlightenment and expanded awareness.

The Golden Teacher’s journey from ancient indigenous cultures to its influence in the Western world reflects its enduring appeal as a source of wisdom and spiritual exploration.

The Potency of Golden Teacher Strain

Based on data collected by the Psilocybin Cup, GT shrooms fall within a potency range of 0.7% to 1.2% total tryptamines. These tryptamines encompass the active compounds responsible for the psychedelic effects, including psilocybin, psilocin, and related substances. This potency level sets GT apart as a strain that delivers a transformative experience without overwhelming beginners.

The average potency provides predictability of their effects. Novice users appreciate the ability to navigate their psychedelic journey at a comfortable pace. The moderate potency allows for a gradual entry into the altered state of consciousness for a gentle introduction to the world of psychedelics.

Golden Teachers: Beginner-Friendly Psilocybe Cubensis Mushrooms

GT shrooms fall within a moderate potency level, like Mazatapec mushrooms, making them suitable for beginners or individuals seeking a milder psychedelic experience. This potency is popular among the psychedelic community due to it being a more relaxed and gentle trip than potent strains. There are several reasons why this popular strain is an excellent choice for those exploring the world of psychedelic shrooms without overwhelming effects.

Moderate Potency

GT psilocybe cubensis shrooms possess a moderate potency level. This potency ensures a balanced and manageable psychedelic experience for beginners. It allows users to navigate their journey comfortably, gradually introducing them to the effects of psilocybin without overwhelming intensity. This will also prevent beginners from experiencing a bad trip when taking magic mushrooms.

Predictable Effects

The right potency also contributes to the predictability of their effects. Novice users appreciate the ability to anticipate and understand what they might experience. This predictability provides a sense of control and comfort, enabling beginners to explore the altered state of consciousness confidently and enjoy its mind-altering powers.

Gentle Introduction

The Golden Teacher strain offer a gentle introduction to the world of psychedelics. Their effects are known to be introspective, uplifting, and conducive to personal growth. Users commonly report euphoria, enhanced creativity, and heightened sensory perception. This gentle introduction allows beginners to explore their inner thoughts, emotions, and perceptions in a supportive and manageable manner.

Appearance and Growth

Some cultivators and users were curious about mushrooms’ growing patterns and fruiting bodies. After all, the appearance of a magic mushroom is necessary for both as it helps consume the right strain or use the right procedures for home-growing shrooms.

Golden teachers are distinct, with impressive size and resilient and adaptable growing patterns. Their fruiting bodies boast remarkable dimensions, often reaching three to four times larger than other P. cubensis strains.

Golden Teachers are renowned for their distinctive golden brown caps, which serve as the namesake of this remarkable Golden Teacher strain. These caps can take up to 8 centimetres in diameter. The thick stem exhibits a white hue, though younger specimens may showcase shades of beige or gold. You can also find blue colouring as psilocybe cubensis mushrooms bruise easily. This happens from the harvest of shrooms. The gill is dark purplish-brown when young and becomes lighter with age.

GT spores are intended to grow using proper techniques like managing the humidity, avoiding direct sunlight, inoculating in a sterile environment, knowing when to harvest, etc.

Balanced Experience

The effects of GT shrooms offer a harmonious blend of mind-expanding experiences. They balance intensity and clarity to offer a nice spiritual journey without overwhelming or confusing sensations. This balance allows beginners to maintain a sense of groundedness and coherence.

How to Use Golden Teacher As A Beginner?

While Golden Teachers are indeed considered ideal for beginners due to their moderate potency, first-time users must take precautions. The overall experience when you consume psilocybe cubensis mushrooms depends on the dosage, set and setting, and individual tolerance.

Start with a Low Dosage: The recommended dosage for beginners must be low to gauge sensitivity and response to visual and auditory hallucinations. A general dosage for beginners is 1 to 1.5 grams of dried magic mushrooms. Starting low allows you to acclimate to the effects and assess your tolerance gradually. It will differ when you are consuming edibles containing GT magic mushrooms.

For example, if a chocolate bar contains a total of 3500mg psilocybin with 10 squares, each square contains 350 mg. If you want to begin with GT edibles, dosing up to 3 -4 squares to experience shroom high is possible.

Prepare the Setting: Choose a comfortable and safe environment for your experience. Ensure that you are in a space where you feel at ease and free from external disturbances. Consider factors such as lighting, music, and the presence of trusted individuals if desired.
Consider a Trip Sitter: It doesn’t really matter if you are an experienced user or beginner, a trusted friend or experienced trip sitter present can provide additional support and guidance. They help ensure your safety, offer reassurance, and help manage challenging moments.
Set Intentions: Before consuming psychoactive magic mushrooms, set clear intentions for your journey. Reflect on what you hope to gain from the experience, whether self-reflection, personal insights, or boost creativity. Having intentions can enhance the meaningfulness and focus of your journey.
Ingestion Methods: You can consume a psychedelic mushroom in various forms, including eating it directly, brewing it into tea, or incorporating it into food. Choose the method that suits you and consider factors like taste to enjoy the great flavour.
Maintain a Positive Mindset: Approach the experience with an open mind and positive mindset. Embrace any feelings of anticipation or excitement while being aware of nervousness. Trust in the process and allow yourself to surrender to the experience.
During the Trip: Once the effects manifest, remain present and observe your thoughts, emotions, and sensations. Engage in activities that resonate with you, such as listening to music, practicing meditation, or spending time in nature. Embrace the introspective and transformative nature of the journey.

Cooking and Preparation

Various recipes are available for culinary exploration when cooking with psilocybe cubensis mushrooms. However, it is important to consider right dosage and potency of the mushroom extracts for a safe and enjoyable experience. Here are some considerations:

Dosage: Start with a low dose, especially if you are inexperienced, to gauge your sensitivity to the psilocybe cubensis mushrooms.
Preparation: Many users prefer to dry the mushrooms first, as this can concentrate their potency and allow for more precise dosing. They can also be ground into a powder and encapsulated for microdosing purposes.
Cooking: Add the psilocybe cubensis mushrooms at the end of the recipe to minimize heat exposure, as high temperatures can degrade the psilocybin content.

The Experience of Using Golden Teacher

The experience of tripping with GT can vary depending on several factors, but many users report common sensations. Below are the effects and some Golden Teacher mushroom strain reviews to help you see how this particular strain works, especially in the third wave.

Heightened Sensory Perception

An intensification of sensory perception characterizes Golden Teacher trips. Colours may appear more vibrant, sounds more pronounced, and textures more pronounced. You may feel a deeper connection to the environment around you, experiencing nature and your surroundings more profoundly.

Nate, a first-time user of GT shrooms, described an experience in which he noticed the reflections on glass becoming more vivid. He also saw the trees appear to breathe, which deepened his connection to nature by emphasizing the exchange of gases between trees and humans.

Altered Perception of Reality

GT trips can lead to a distorted sense of reality, where your perception of time, space, and self may change. With its psychoactive properties, you may experience a sense of time dilation, where minutes can feel like hours or vice versa. Your sense of self and ego boundaries may dissolve, making you feel interconnected with everything around you.

Emotional Intensity

You may experience many emotions, from euphoria and joy to introspection and reflection. It’s not uncommon for unresolved emotions or memories to surface for profound introspection and insights.

Enhanced Creativity and Insight

Many individuals report increased creativity and enhanced problem-solving abilities during a GT trip. Your mind may make new connections, leading to fresh insights and perspectives on various aspects of life. This can be a valuable opportunity for self-discovery and personal growth.

Personal Growth

Golden Teacher magic mushrooms have been reported to contribute to personal growth and transformation in many individuals. Here are some experiences associated with their use:

Renewed Perspective: Users often describe gaining a fresh perspective on life and personal issues, leading to significant changes in behavior and outlook.
Self-Reflection: The mushrooms can catalyze deep thoughts and allow users to confront inner challenges and explore their consciousness.
Positive Changes: Users may report lasting positive changes in their life outlook, relationships, and overall sense of purpose following an experience with Golden Teacher magic mushrooms.

Spiritual Effects and Mystical Experiences

These experiences involved a profound sense of oneness with the universe, where the boundaries between the self and the external world seemed to dissolve. They described feeling deeply connected to everything around them.

In these heightened states of consciousness, psilocybe cubensis users have described encountering a higher power or divine presence. These encounters with the transcendent can evoke a deep sense of meaning and purpose.

These spiritual or mystical experiences are highly subjective and can vary greatly from person to person. They are described as deeply transformative and can lead to profound personal insights, increased self-awareness, and a renewed sense of connection to the larger cosmos.

The Science of Psychedelic Experience

When ingested, this psychedelic mushroom metabolizes into psilocin. This substance primarily interacts with serotonin receptors to change how the brain processes sensory information between different regions.

Although neuroscientists do not fully understand the exact mechanisms behind the effects, changes go beyond serotonin receptor alterations. The prevailing theory suggests that the trips result from temporary modifications in sensory processing and brain interactions.

These factors, combined with the experience itself, contribute to psilocybin’s potential to alleviate major depression. Preliminary studies have shown promising results in using a similar approach to help individuals quit smoking. Psilocybin, in conjunction with therapy, has also shown promise in overcoming deep-seated anxieties.

A study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology showed that cancer patients who had high-dose psilocybin experiences experienced significant reductions in depression and anxiety. Even at six-month follow-up assessments, around 80% of participants reported substantial decreases in depressive mood and anxiety. Several double-blind clinical trials are underway globally to replicate these findings.

While the scientific understanding of psilocybin for therapeutic purposes and its health protective effects continues to evolve, the accumulating research suggests its significant impact on immune function, mental well-being, gut health, and in managing health issues like high blood pressure or other symptoms like pain or sexual dysfunction due to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Practical Applications and Modern Therapeutics

Golden teacher mushrooms have gained relevance in therapeutic settings due to their potential for profound psychological experiences and therapeutic benefits. Research suggests that guided sessions with these mushrooms can facilitate introspection, emotional breakthroughs, and personal growth, making them a valuable tool in the realm of psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Clinical Trials and Medical Research

Study Title: Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study

Introduction

Stress-related disorders, such as depression, are often associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an overactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Psychedelics have shown promise in the treatment of these disorders, but the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects are not well understood.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and persisting effects of psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms, on immune functioning, HPA axis activity, and psychological outcomes.

Methodology

The study employed a placebo-controlled, parallel group design with 60 healthy participants. Half of the participants received a placebo, while the other half received a dose of 0.17 mg/kg of psilocybin.
Blood samples were collected to assess acute changes in immune status, and further assessments were conducted seven days after administration.
Participants in each treatment group were then subdivided into two groups: one group underwent a stress induction protocol, while the other underwent a control protocol.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine changes in glutamate and glial activity in relation to immune functioning.
Questionnaires were also used to assess self-reported changes in mood and social behavior.

Results

The administration of psilocybin immediately reduced the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), while other inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) remained unchanged.

Seven days later, TNF-α concentrations returned to baseline, but IL-6 and CRP concentrations remained persistently reduced in the psilocybin group. Acute reductions in TNF-α were associated with lower glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus.

Furthermore, participants who experienced greater reductions in IL-6 and CRP reported more persistent positive mood and social effects. However, psilocybin did not significantly alter the stress response after a psychosocial stressor.

Conclusion

The study provides evidence that psilocybin can acutely reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and lead to persistent reductions in certain markers of inflammation. These immune changes were associated with acute neurometabolic activity and correlated with positive mood and social effects. The findings contribute to our understanding of the psychological and therapeutic effects of psilocybin and its potential applications in patient trials for stress-related disorders.

Therapy Sessions with GT Mushrooms

A writer named Meghan Loneragan embarked on a six-hour guided psychedelic healing experience using psilocybin, commonly known as magic mushrooms. Within that time, Meghan began apologizing fervently to herself, her past, her future, and even to an ornamental crystal in the Airbnb she had rented.

The session was arranged by Emily, a therapist who had just finished assisting a former police detective with PTSD. Emily travels up and down the East Coast, providing one-on-one guided psilocybin experiences to Australians seeking answers in unconventional places. While some refer to Emily’s service as therapy or medicine, it operates outside official channels. However, this practice is gaining popularity underground.

Emily’s service was not associated with the stereotypical image of a New Age enthusiast. Meghan discovered Emily through an elite business community she had paid a significant sum of money to join. The community comprised Fortune 500 founders who gathered quarterly to address business goals and challenges. At the pandemic’s beginning, Meghan’s primary concern was managing her cortisol levels to prevent overwhelming stress.

Emily offered guided psilocybin experiences to individuals seeking unconventional forms of therapy. The sessions involve the use of magic mushrooms and last approximately 4 to 6 hours. Emily assisted clients during their psychedelic journeys, ensured their safety, and provided support afterward.

The experiences led to transformative results, such as feeling unstuck, gaining new perspectives, and experiencing a sense of connection and purpose. However, there are risks involved, and individuals must be prepared for potentially intense and challenging experiences. The use of plant medicines like psilocybin remains mysterious, and caution should be exercised when embarking on these journeys.

Growth Conditions and Cultivation Techniques of GT

Golden Teacher mushroom strain is naturally found in various parts of the world, including North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. They typically thrive in warm, humid environments such as cow pastures, fields, and forests. They tend to grow from late spring to early fall in their natural habitat, although they can also grow year-round in subtropical and tropical regions.

In the wild, Golden Teacher mushrooms grow as fruiting bodies emerging from an underground mycelium network. The mycelium absorbs nutrients from the soil and decomposes organic matter like decaying plants and animal waste. When the cultivation conditions are met, the mycelium produces mushrooms that release Golden Teacher spores into the air for reproduction.

The Golden Teacher mushroom strain, as well as other psychedelics, can also be cultivated indoors using various methods. One common approach is to grow them on a substrate.

Choose high-quality Golden Teacher mushroom strain mycelium. Different psilocybin strains are available, including popular ones like Mexican, Thai, and Colombian, as well as more potent strains like MC Kennaii, suitable for experienced users.
To create a favorable environment for their growth, you must maintain high humidity (around 80%) and a constant temperature of approximately 23 degrees Celsius.
A Golden Teacher mushroom grow kit typically provides the necessary accessories, such as a plastic grow bag with micro-perforations for airflow and metal clips to secure the bag.

The Growing Process

The growing process involves opening the container and leaving the substrate inside. Moisten the substrate with mineral water, ensuring it is well hydrated.

Place the plastic container inside the grow bag. If the environmental humidity is already high, you can skip this step and place the mycelium directly inside the bag.
The bag with the container should be positioned horizontally in a stable location away from direct sunlight. It should receive some daylight, but not directly. Ideal temperatures should be around 23ºC.
Fold the opening of the bag a couple of times and secure it with the metal clips. This ensures that the micro-perforations on the bag remain unobstructed.
Place the bag with the substrate in a stable spot, allowing everything to settle. Open the bag daily for a few minutes to provide ventilation and exchange air. The first mushrooms may take between 7 and 20 days to sprout, depending on temperature and humidity.
Once the fruiting begins, mushrooms will be ready for harvest within a few days (2-4 days), depending on the strain and growing conditions. Harvest the mushrooms when they reach a height of 5-7cm and their veil (the thin membrane covering the gills) is broken, indicating release of Golden Teacher spores.
After the initial harvest, the substrate can be rehydrated for a second or even a third harvest. To do this, remove the substrate from the bag, clean its surface, and add water to the container, allowing it to absorb slowly. Afterward, drain any excess water and place the container back in the bag.

Drying and Storing Golden Teacher Mushrooms

To preserve the magic mushrooms, they need to be dried. Choose a suitable location for drying, such as a dark area with a temperature around 20 degrees Celsius, good airflow, and low humidity.
Spread the psilocybin mushrooms evenly on a tray or large plate, ensuring they don’t touch each other. You can place a napkin or paper towel between the surface and the mushrooms to absorb moisture.
Under optimal conditions, the mushrooms will dry in about a week or 10 days. Store them in tightly closed mason jars in a cool, dark place like the refrigerator. When stored properly, the mushrooms can retain their psychoactive effects for several years.

For consumption, it is recommended to take psilocybin mushrooms in a natural outdoor environment with even terrain. It’s advisable to have a knowledgeable companion present during the experience.

Doses and Corresponding Effects

Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psychedelic mushroom known by various names such as shrooms, magic mushrooms, golden halos, cubes, or gold cap. Its psychoactive properties or primary active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. Here are different dosage ranges and how the Golden Teacher mushroom can produce potential benefits:

Microdosing (0.05-0.25 g):

Mood enhancement
Decreased stress
Emotional stability
Mindfulness, presence, and peace
Openness and self-forgiveness
Increased empathy and sociability
Conversational fluidity
Alleviation of persistent conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADD/ADHD, PTSD
Increased motivation for positive lifestyle change
Increased focus and productivity
Enhanced flow states
Clearer, more connected thinking
Improved memory
Enhanced senses
Appreciation for music, art, etc.
Increased creativity
Spontaneity
Easier meditation
Enjoyment of physical activity and everyday tasks
Relaxation and increased body awareness
Enhanced athletic endurance
Increased overall energy without anxiety or crash

Mini-dose (0.25-0.75 g):

Mood enhancement, mild euphoria, or excitement
Mindfulness, presence, and peace
Openness and self-forgiveness
Profound insights
Alleviation of persistent conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADD/ADHD, PTSD
Increased motivation for positive lifestyle changes
Enhanced flow states
Clearer, more connected thinking
Enhanced senses
Appreciation for music, art, etc.
Increased creativity
Spontaneity
Easier meditation
Enjoyment of physical activity and everyday tasks
Relaxation and increased body awareness
Waves of increased energy
Mild body high

Medium dose (0.5-1.5 g):

Mood enhancement, euphoria, or excitement
Mild to moderate visuals (e.g., “breathing” environments)
Increased empathy
Conversational fluidity
Introspection
Increased flow states
Enhanced senses
Appreciation for music, art, etc.
Increased creativity
Spontaneity
Enjoyment of physical activity and everyday tasks
Finding otherwise mundane things funny or interesting
Enhanced athletic endurance
Moderate body high

Strong euphoria or excitement
Sense of peace
Mystical experience and intense feelings of wonder
Life-changing introspective or philosophical effects
Increased flow of ideas
Increased creativity
Enhanced senses
Appreciation for music, art, etc.
Finding otherwise mundane things funny or interesting
Strong body high

Mega dose (5+ g):

Strong euphoria or excitement
Mystical experience and intense feelings of wonder
Life-changing introspective or philosophical insights
Increased flow of ideas
Increased creativity
Enhanced senses
Finding otherwise mundane things funny or interesting
Very strong body high

It’s important to note that the effects of psilocybin mushrooms can vary among individuals, and these descriptions serve as general guidelines. Additionally, responsible and informed use, including proper set and controlled settings, is crucial for a safe and beneficial experience especially for high doses.

Safety and Usage Recommendations

While p. cubensis mushrooms can offer profound experiences, it is important to be aware of the following especially during the third wave:

Side Effects: Nausea, disorientation, and psychological distress are possible side effects.
Safe Consumption: Adhere to guidelines for safe consumption, including proper dosing and the presence of a sober guide or trusted companion
Set and Setting: Consider the setting in which the mushrooms are consumed, as a comfortable and safe environment can greatly influence the experience.
Pre-existing Conditions: Users with a personal or family history of psychosis or severe mental health disorders should exercise caution, as p cubensis mushrooms can exacerbate these conditions.

Always prioritize personal safety and well-being when using the Golden Teacher mushroom, and if in doubt, seek guidance from knowledgeable experts.

Explore The Effects of Beginner-Friendly Golden Teacher

Golden Teacher is a magic mushroom with balanced potency and a mellow tripping experience. It offers an opportunity for individuals new to psychedelic mushrooms to explore their effects without being overwhelmed. The manageable potency range and introspective and insightful journeys make it appealing for beginners seeking a gentle introduction to shrooms. By approaching the experience with care and respect, individuals can navigate their journey with Golden Teacher safely and enjoyably.

Take a step into the world of psilocybin-containing mushrooms with Zoomies Canada. Explore a selection of Golden Teacher and other strains or products like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) that can provide introspective and insightful experiences.

References:

Author Information:

Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study
N.L. Mason a, A. Szabo b c, K.P.C. Kuypers a, P.A. Mallaroni a, R. de la Torre Fornell d, J.T. Reckweg a, D.H.Y. Tse a, N.R.P.W. Hutten a, A. Feilding e, J.G. Ramaekers a
Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group. Neurosciences Program. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, OX3 9SY, United Kingdom